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Blogs

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  • The Word Of Ogma
  • GC's blog
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  • Cheat Blog
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  • Verbal Compost
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  • Old School Gamer Review
  • ...
  • Rybags' Blog
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  • grafix's Bit Mouse Playhouse
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  • EricBall's Tech Projects (PRIVATE)
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  • I created this second blog on accident and now I can't figure out how to delete it.
  • keilbaca's Blog
  • TestBot4's Blog
  • Old School Gamer Review
  • The Mario Blog
  • GideonsDad's Blog
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  • Horst's Blog
  • JIMPACK's Blog
  • Blogpocalypse
  • simonl's Blog
  • creeping insanity
  • Sonic R's Blog
  • CebusCapucinis' Blog
  • Syntax Terror Games
  • NCN's Blog
  • A Wandering Shadow's Travels
  • Arjak's Blog
  • 2600Lives' Blog
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  • Kiwi's Blog
  • Stephen's A8 Blog
  • Zero One
  • Troglodyte's Blog
  • Austin's Blog
  • Robert Hurst
  • This Is Reality Control
  • Animan's Blog Of Unusual Objectionalities
  • Devbinks' Blog
  • a1t3r3g0's Blog
  • The 7800 blog
  • 4Ks' Blog
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  • iratanam's Blog
  • junkmail's RDE&P Blog
  • Lynxman's FlashCard Blog
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  • The Wreckening
  • roberto's Blog
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  • lost blog
  • kurtzzzz's Blog
  • Guitarman's Blog
  • Robert @ AtariAge
  • otaku's Blog
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  • revolutionika's Blog
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  • edweird13's Blog
  • edweird13's Blog
  • That's what she said.
  • Hitachi's Blog
  • The (hopefully) weekly rant
  • Goochman's Marketplace Blog
  • Marc Oberhäuser's Blog
  • Masquane's AtariAge Blog
  • satan165's Dusty Video Game Museum
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  • Retail hell (The EB years)
  • Vectrexer's Blog
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  • Retro Gaming Corporation
  • Hulsie's Blog
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  • Dryfter's Blog
  • Why Are You Even Reading This?
  • Xuel's Blog
  • GamingMagz
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  • caver's Blog
  • Atari 2600 for sale with 7 games 2 controllers
  • A Ramblin' Man
  • toiletunes' Blog
  • Justin Payne's Blog
  • ebot
  • Markvergeer's Blog
  • GEOMETRY WARS ATARI 2600
  • LEW2600's Blog
  • Pac-Man Vs Puck-Man's Blog
  • Bri's House
  • Les Frères Baudrand's Blog
  • Secure Your E-Commerce Business With ClickSSL.com
  • raskar42
  • The P3 Studio
  • Bydo's Blog
  • defender666's Blog
  • TheSSLstore - SSL certificates Validity
  • Chuplayer's Blog
  • pacman100000's Blog
  • POKEY experiments
  • JPjuice23's Blog
  • Gary Mc's Blog
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  • ScumSoft's Blog
  • The Social Gamer
  • Ping. Pong. Ping. Pong.
  • kgenthe's Blog
  • mapleleaves' Blog
  • Dallas' Blog
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  • Esplonky's Blog
  • Fashion Jewellery's Blog
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  • CJ's Ramblings
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  • dragging through the retro streets at dawn
  • Please Delete - Created by Accident
  • Nerdbloggers
  • Algus' Blog
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  • Appliciousblog.com
  • frederick's Blog
  • longleg's Blog
  • Brain droppings...
  • Sandra's blog
  • Bastelbutze
  • polo
  • VectorGamer's Blog
  • Maybe its a Terrible Tragedy
  • Guru Meditation
  • - - - - - -
  • The 12 Turn Program: Board Game Addiction and You
  • Tezz's projects blog
  • chonglily's Blog
  • masseo1's Blog
  • DCUltrapro's Blog
  • Disjaukifa's Blog
  • Vic George 2K3's Blog
  • Whoopdeedoo
  • ge.twik's Blog
  • DJT's High Score Blog [Test]
  • Disjaukifa's Assembly Blog
  • GonzoGamer's Blog
  • MartinP's Blog
  • marshaz's Blog
  • Pandora Jewelry's Blog
  • Blues76's Blog
  • Adam24's AtariAge Blog!
  • w1k's Blog
  • 8-bit-dreams' Blog
  • Computer Help
  • Chris++'s Blog
  • an atari story
  • JDRose
  • raz0red's Blog
  • The Forth Files
  • The Forth Files
  • A.L.L.'s Blog
  • Frankodragon's Blog Stuffs
  • Partyhaus
  • kankan313rd's Blog
  • n8littlefield's Blog
  • joshuawins99's Blog
  • ¡Viva Atari!
  • FujiSkunk's Blog
  • The hunt for the PAL Heavy Sixer
  • Liduario's Blog
  • kakpu's Blog
  • HSC Experience
  • people to fix atari Blog
  • Gronka's Blog
  • Joey Z's Atari Projects
  • cncfreak's Blog
  • Ariana585's Blog
  • 8BitBites.com
  • BrutallyHonestGamer's Blog
  • falcon_'s Blog
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  • Lynx Links
  • bomberpunk's Blog
  • CorBlog
  • My Ideas/Rants
  • quetch's Blog
  • jamvans game hunting blog
  • CannibalCat's Blog
  • jakeLearns' Blog
  • DSC927's Blog
  • jetset's Blog
  • wibblebibble's Basic Blog
  • retrovideogamecollector's Blog
  • Sonny Rae's Blog
  • The Golden Age Arcade Historian
  • dianefox's Blog
  • DOMnation's Blog
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  • craftsmanMIKE's Blog
  • gorf68's Blog
  • Gnuberubs Sojourn Dev Journal
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  • iesposta's Blog
  • Cool 'n' Crispy: The Blog of Iceberg_Lettuce
  • ahuffman's Blog
  • Bergum's Thoughts Blog
  • marminer's Blog
  • BubsyFan101 n CO's Pile Of Game Picks
  • I like to rant.
  • Cleaning up my 2600
  • AnimaInCorpore's Blog
  • Space Centurion's Blog
  • Coleco Pacman Simulator (CPMS)
  • ianoid's Blog
  • HLO projects
  • Retro Junky Garage
  • Sega Genesis/Mega Drive High Score Club
  • Prixel Derp
  • HuckleCat's Blog
  • AtariVCS101's Blog
  • Tales from the Game Room's Blog
  • VVHQ
  • Antichambre's Blog
  • REMOVED BY LAW AUTHORITY
  • Synthpop Universe
  • Atari 5200 Joystick Controllers
  • Top 10 Atari 2600 Games
  • Is Atari Still Cool?
  • Buying Atari on Ebay
  • matosimi's Blog
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  • The StarrLab
  • Scooter83 aka Atari 8 Bit Game Hunters' Blog
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  • Gamming
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  • Manoau2002 Game and Vinyl Blog
  • Diamond in the Rough
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  • Atari 2600 Lab
  • jennyjames' Blog
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  • MegaData Manifesto
  • Selling Atari on Ebay.
  • Unfinished Bitness
  • TI-99/4A Stuff
  • eshu's blog
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  • GozAtari8
  • Bio's Blog of Randomness
  • Out of the Pack
  • Paul Lay's Blog
  • Make Atari 2600 games w/o programming!
  • Rudy's Blog
  • kenjennings' Blog
  • The Game Pit
  • PShunny's Blog
  • Ezeray's Blog
  • Atari 2600 game maps
  • Crazy Climber Metal
  • Keith Makes Games
  • A virtual waste of virtual space
  • TheHoboInYourRoom's Blog
  • Msp Cheats Tips And Techniques To Create You A Better Gamer
  • Tursi's Blog
  • F#READY's Blog
  • bow830
  • Gernots A500 game reviews
  • Byte's Blog
  • The Atari Strikes Back
  • no code, only games now
  • wongojack's Blog
  • Lost Dragon's Blog
  • Musings of the White Lion
  • The Usotsuki Crunch
  • Gunstar's Blogs
  • Lesles12's Blog
  • Atari Randomness
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  • Flickertail's Blog
  • Dexter's Laboratory Blog
  • ATASCI's Blog
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  • --- Ω ---'s Blog
  • mourifay's Blog
  • Zsuttle's gaming adventures
  • Doctor Clu's Space Shows
  • TWO PRINTERS ONE ADAM
  • Atari Jaguar Game Mascots
  • Learning fbForth 2.0
  • splendidnut's Blog
  • The Atari Jaguar Game by Game Podcast
  • Syzygy's Story Blog
  • Atarian Video Game Reviews
  • Caféman's Blog
  • IainGrimm's Blog
  • player1"NOT"ready's Blog
  • Alexandru George's Blog
  • BraggProductions' Blog
  • XDK.development present Microsoft Xbox One Development
  • Song I Wake Up To
  • Jeffrey.Shamblin's Blog
  • Important people who shaped the TI 99/4A World
  • My blog of stuff and things
  • David Vella's Blog
  • Osgeld's Blog
  • CyranoJ's ST Ports
  • InnovaX5's Blog
  • Star_Wars_Collector
  • Alp's Art Blog
  • Excali-blog
  • STGraves' Blog
  • Retro VGS Coleco Chameleon Timeline
  • Geoff Retro Gamer
  • Geoff1980's Blog
  • Coleco Mini
  • Coleco Mini
  • 7399MGM's Blog
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  • doubledragon77's Blog
  • Ballblogɀer
  • pitfallharry95's Blog
  • BawesomeBurf's Blog
  • Fultonbot's Atari Blog
  • Dmitry's Blog
  • Kaug Neatos Crash Bandicoot Bandwagon
  • lexmar482's Blog
  • vegathechosen's Blog
  • Atari 2600JS
  • Doctor Clu's Dissertations
  • schmitzi's Blog
  • BNE Jeff's Blog
  • AverageSoftware's Development Blog
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  • Atarimuseum.nl
  • Vorticon's Blog
  • TurkVanGogH GameZ's Blog
  • bow830's Blog
  • Arcade Attack - Retro Gaming Blog
  • MrRetroGamer's Blog
  • GG's Game Dev, Homebrew Review, Etc. Log
  • dazza's arcade machine games
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  1. Hi, I am having an issue with getting a simple display going. What's supposed to happen is a brown smiley face is supposed to appear.on the screen. Instead, all I get is a black screen with nothing being shown. I tried using the debugger, but couldn't figure out what was going on as it kept getting stuck on the line checking to see if the players y position is equal to the current scanline until the overscan period. Source Code: https://www.dropbox.com/s/4vb0fdklz2oz2qb/source.asm?dl=0
  2. I just had to post here- in case there is anyone who hasn't yet watched Peter Dell's amazing Videos on programming the A8 in machine language: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmzSn5Wy9uF8nTsZBtdk1yHzFI5JXoUJT I have futzed around the A8 for years, read some books about assembly but I never really understood how you do it (eg - knowledge of the Atari chips, memory map and how you use them to actually do some simple things in assembly). Peter shows you. His series is amazingly concise yet logical and he builds nicely thru the series and covers all the basic parts of the Atari. For me it's been the first time that I've truly caught on as to what is going on in there, and how the chips are working in concert to make this machine run. I've done a fair bit of Modern Ruby/Python/Node programming for networking apps- and of course it's nothing even remotely like that. It's so worth spending the time - just to learn how amazing the Atari hardware, os and chip are and how brilliant the designers were when they sat down years ago and decided on how to build this machine. Those guys were true visionaries in terms of building a flexible system to be used in ways they hadn't even thought of. And of course his http://www.wudsn.com/index.php/ide/installationWUDSN is a one-stop installation to start using assembly on a modern PC and run it on the included Altirra emulator with one click. Amazing. So, thank you Peter if you are around here anymore.
  3. I would like to add some sound effects to my game that are a little more interesting than the usual square wave crash and chime examples from the A/E manual. Do you have any suggestions for tricks or techniques to use to produce other effects or wave forms? I have read about the sample trick used by the Sound FX program, but I have no room for samples, so it has to be programmed and relatively short, but it doesn't have to be limited to a 60 FPS data feed. One idea I have is to rapidly changing the frequency on two generators slightly out of sync to obtain an illusion of phase shifting. I have no idea if that's possible or what that would sound like. Before I start experimenting, are there any limitations to the sound emulation in Classic99 and MESS that I should be aware of?
  4. First of all - I'm rather a newbie with this system, so excuse me if this is an absurd question. As the title states, I'm looking for a way to run cartridge ROM's from a cassette tape. I saw this post here a while back: I am wondering what this task is. If anybody has even the faintest idea, could they please point me in the right direction? Thanks in advance!
  5. Since we want to always share our source code, I have been wanting to post this for some time, but I wanted to add better comments first. I did try to add comments to communicate what the general purpose of a section of code is, but there is still a lot that will need to be interpreted. This was written in MADS and requires BATCMP9.xex to be in the source folder. I hope that this is useful to someone. If anyone reviews the code and thinks of tips you would like to share with us, that would be most welcome. We are relatively new at this as War Room is the first game that we created that was created entirely in assembly. This started out as a movement demo for acceleration, deceleration, skidding, etc. As the ABBUC contest deadline loomed, we didn't have a new entry so we worked quickly to make this an entry which ended up being a very rudimentary game. Since we were developing it up to the last minute, you will see some hard coded memory locations. We also added the Halloween characters for our "final" release after ABBUC since the ABBUC version still had some shortcomings that we thought needed to be fixed. One of the nice aspects is that since the game really doesn't come close to pushing the abilities of the computer so we were able to leave the code pretty straightforward. I don't think there is anything novel here but we hope that since the examples are so simple, they can be beneficial for learning: 1. DLI - a very simple DLI that changes the playfield colors after that top of the screen 2. VBI - Deferred - again, very basic - it updates player locations, checks CD, disables break key and other housekeeping. It also uses a very sloppy shortcut to stop the players from turning to double-width which was a recurring bug that would happen- as I recall, this bug was properly fixed, but the code to set it to single-width is still in the vbi. 3. Self-modifying code. In order to save space, we overwrite the lo byte and hi byte of the LDA target. 4. Custom character set - very basic character set changes 5. Simple movement physics - acceleration 6. Very simple AI - I know what the AI is doing, and I very rarely win - simply stated, the AI is more aggressive when it has more life left than the opponent. If it has less life or equal life, it runs around shooting bullets. The big advantage that the AI has, is that it shoots very accurately. 7. PAL/NTSC detection and adjustments to try to make gameplay and music the same speed. The characters were built with Paul Lay's player editor - 16 frames, 15 high. The order of the frames is listed in the source - left, left, right, right, down left, down left, down right, down right, up left, up left, up right, up right, Up, Up, Down, Down. I would attach some/all of those files but it won't let me attach .apl files. Any questions regarding sound & music will need to be deferred to Eric. I tried to acknowledge the help we received in creating this, but I am sure that I missed someone. Eric probably has more to add because I don't know who he worked with. Enjoy! batcmp9.xex Published WarRoom.asm
  6. I was trying to do something that my feeble memory thought worked 30 years ago in Mac/65 and not getting any joy in atasm. I'm making macros to act as wrappers to function calls in a library of routines. Then I'm conditionally assembling routines in the library, so if they are not referenced, they don't get included and waste space. I was figuring this would work.... (only important parts included) .macro mFunc ; other stuff happens jsr libFunc .endm ; Later in the main code.... mFunc ; Later.... .if .ref libFunc libFunc ; fun stuff ensues rts .endif This does not work. The .ref does not see the libFunc referenced, so it does not build libFunc. Should this work? Or am I insane? If the forward referenced label doesn't work, how about a declared value in the macro like this?... .macro mFunc DO_FUNC .= 1 ; other stuff happens jsr libFunc .endm ; Later in the main code.... mFunc ; Later.... .if .ref DO_FUNC ; and .def does not work either. libFunc ; fun stuff ensues rts .endif DO_FUNC set in the macro is also not seen. neither .ref or .def sees it. Next fallback plan... DO_FUNC .= 0 ; Later on.... .macro mFunc DO_FUNC .= 1 ; other stuff happens jsr libFunc .endm ; Later in the main code.... mFunc ; Later.... .if DO_FUNC>0 libFunc ; fun stuff ensues rts .endif This (annoyingly) does work. DO_FUNC defined outside the scope of a macro can have its value changed in a macro, and THAT value change is seen by the conditional assembly. Rather not have to throw in a bunch of flags in a header file separate from the library file which is included in the end of the assembly.
  7. I think that "Atari 2600 programming" subforum could be improved to keep topics better organized. Currently there's a subforum for batari Basic, while the main forum and the "2600 programming for newbies" should be focused on assembly language, but the forum descriptions don't clearly state that and many threads about basic are often posted outside the dedicated subforum. I suggest to create a separate subforum for "Assembly", move the threads currently in the main 2600 programming forums there, as well as the "programming for newbies" subforum and maybe add an equivalent one inside the "batari basic" one. When "SpiceC" will be available, a third subforum with the same structure could be added.
  8. Hi I have developed CROSS CHASE, https://github.com/Fabrizio-Caruso/CROSS-CHASE which is a massively multi-platform 8-bit game that runs on nearly anything with 8 bits including the Mattel Aquarius (+4k and +16k versions supported). I have done this through Z88DK which produces two files: a BASIC loader and a file containing the actual Assembly code. The load procedure looks like this: type CLOAD Attach loader file type RUN Attach second file This is a bit inconvenient. I would like to just have one single file to load. Is there a "good" way to just use a single file? A "bad" way would be to embed the Assembly into the BASIC with DATA lines because it would eat too much RAM. Where in memory does CLOAD load the code? Fabrizio
  9. I was looking over an old game in a hex editor recently, and I noticed something interesting with the text data embedded in the program. All of the strings seemed fine until the end character, which was a byte value of 128 or greater. I realized what the program was doing was using the top bit on ASCII characters to determine the string end. This lets you store strings at their exact size, rather than one byte more to store either a length byte or a null terminator byte. Very clever! So I thought, how to leverage this on the TI, where I've spent a considerable amount of effort building menus and interfaces that consumed a lot of memory because of having to store strings and their addresses and lengths? So I write a routine, VTEXT, and it's companion, VTEXTC. It's a subroutine that takes the address on screen into R0, and a pointer to the desired text in R1. No length needed! It writes to the screen until it encounters the eighth bit, and stops. VTEXTC is the same, except it doesn't alter the VDP address. This will allow you to write concurrent strings to the screen one after the other. Advantages are: - Your text strings take up exactly their length in space - Reduced operations for plotting text to screen Disadvantages are: - All static text in source files has to end with the top bit set, which can be aggravating to figure out the value of a given ASCII character - Slower than a straight VMBW due to the need for a COC and copy operation on every character - If you don't have the top bit set, it could overrun the screen buffer and the rest of VDP Future expansion may include the idea of "values". Using characters 0-31 can be used as an indicator to, for example, switch to a stored numeric value in text form, so you can introduce string formatting. "%0 takes %1 damage!" for example, so it knows to plug in the 0 and 1 pre-calculated values into the string as it's writing to the screen. TOPBIT DATA >8000 * Top bit word VDPWA EQU >8C02 * VDP Write address port VDPRD EQU >8800 * VDP Read address port VDPWD EQU >8C00 * VDP access port (input/output) SCRADR EQU >0000 * Screen address TXTLN1 TEXT 'This is sample tex' BYTE 244 TEXT 'More sample tex' BYTE 244 TEXT 'Sample Tex' BYTE 244 TEXT '-Sample Tex' BYTE 244 * Video Text writer, CPU to VDP * Uses only R0 and R1 for location, length is determined by the top bit * Sends R1 value back to calling rouine for continuous stream of text * VTEXTC does not update position in VDP, so you can write multiple strings concurrently VTEXT ORI R0,>4000 * Set address for VDP write SWPB R0 * Swap to low byte MOVB R0,@VDPWA * Move to VDP address SWPB R0 * Swap MOVB R0,@VDPWA * Move to VDP address ANDI R0,>3FFF * remove extra bit so address is preserved for subsequent calls VTEXTC MOVB *R1+,R2 * Copy character to R2 COC @TOPBIT,R2 * Check if top bit is set (end of line indicator) JEQ VTEXT1 * If so, skip to end MOVB R2,@VDPWD * Write character to screen JMP VTEXTC * Loop VTEXT1 ANDI R2,>7F00 * Reset top bit on character MOVB R2,@VDPWD * Write to screen RT * return to calling program * Example LI R0,SCRADR+128 * Set R0 to SCRADR+128 LI R1,TXTLN1 * Set R1 to start of text BL @VTEXT * Write string to screen AI R0,32 * Add 32 to screen position BL @VTEXT * Write a second line of the text LI R0,SCRADR+256 * Change R0 to a different position BL @VTEXT * Write next line to screen BL @VTEXTC * Write the next text segment immediately after the prior * Program continues...
  10. This is how the data is stored in files on this type of computer. NOTE: This is a work in progress. I will be updating this post as I think of stuff to put on here. Bytes $20-$7F represent the standard ASCII character set. Character $7F represents the cursor symbol. Bytes $00-$1F are control codes. $00 - ROM Section Header $01 - Palette $02 - Graphics $03 - Mappings $04 - $05 - $06 - $07 - $08 - Set Tab Width $09 - Tab $0A - Line Feed $0B - Comment Tab $0C - $0D - Carriage Return (same as $0A) $0E - $0F - $10 - $11 - $12 - $13 - $14 - $15 - $16 - $17 - $18 - $19 - $1A - $1B - $1C - $1D - Change Label Line Color $1E - Change Label Line Toggle $1F - Toggle Show/Hide Labels Characters $80-$FF are more control codes. When the file is saved, it is compressed using LZSS.
  11. First, I have a Mini Memory, but after fighting with it for a week, I cannot seem to work out exactly how to create something that will work with Extended Basic & a 32K RAM expansion. So, I've been looking to buy the Editor Assembler package (cart, disks, manual, ref, & keyboard overlay/slip.) Though that might take a while. Until then, I've been working with several emulators to try and get some practice in. The problem is that I cannot seem to write anything that will work. I tried entering a program from the "Introduction to Assembly Language for the TI Home Computer" book available elsewhere here, but it still wouldn't run. I tried the code exactly as written in the TI Basic option of the Editor/Assembler cartridge. I also tried adding in EQU instead of REF for the 2 calls (VSBW & VMBW,) in Extended BASIC. The example program ran fine with (3 Load and Run) from E/A (with the return altered by decrementing twice to freeze at the end.) Am I missing some important step? My code included... It's just a simple program to place text at a specific screen location. IDT 'HSTR' * MAY NOT BE NECESSARY, BUT DOESN'T HURT DEF HSTR VMBW EQU >2024 XMLLNK EQU >2018 NUMREF EQU >2000 *ALSO TRIED REMOVING ALL THESE AND USING STRREF EQU >2014 * COPY "DSK2.XB-EQUATES GPLWS EQU >83E0 *WHICH I PAINSTAKINGLY COPIED FROM THE STATUS EQU >837C *EDITOR/ASSEMBLER MANUAL (WITH CORRECTIONS) CFI EQU >12B8 *ALSO TRIED VALUES FROM A COMPUTE! BOOK FAC EQU >834A USRWS BSS 32 BUFFER BSS 256 SAVRTN DATA >0000 EVEN HSTR MOV R11,@SAVRTN LWPI USRWS CLR R0 LI R1,1 BLWP @NUMREF BLWP @XMLLNK DATA CFI DEC @FAC LI R3,32 MPY @FAC,R3 INC R1 BLWP @NUMREF BLWP @XMLLNK DATA CFI DEC @FAC A @FAC,R3 INC R1 LI R2,>FF00 MOVB R2,@BUFFER LI R2,BUFFER BLWP @STRREF MOV R3,R0 MOV R2,R1 MOVB *R1+,R2 SRL R2,8 BLWP @VMBW LWPI GPLWS MOV @SAVRTN,R11 CLR @STATUS B *R11 * ALSO TRIED RT END
  12. Hey all, I just got the editor assembler cart with the manual. However, I do not have access to the diskettes. Does anyone know where I can find a link to a .dsk file of the files on those disks that I can run off of my nanoPEB? Thanks!
  13. Hey guys. Need some help with this one... In particular, this one is focused on the internals of Extended BASIC, So I know we have some guru's around here on the subject. (Hey Rich!) I'm disappointed that the TI Tech pages fail to have any memory dumps or extensive exploration of the Extended BASIC cartridge. I forget where I got it from, but I found this method long ago to execute the start of an EA option #5 program through Extended BASIC: 100 F$="DSK1.PROG" :: ON ERROR 200 110 CALL INIT :: CALL LOAD(8196,251,214) :: CALL LINK("OPT5",F$) 200 PRINT "DEVICE ERROR!":"CORRECT AND PRESS A KEY" 210 CALL KEY(0,K,S) :: IF S=0 THEN 210 ELSE RETURN 100 Clearly it's linking to some subprogram that's part of Extended BASIC's initializations called OPT5... I'm not sure why it's loading >FBD6 to >2004, but I presume it's over-writing a utility vector of some kind, the value there upon INIT is >4000 initially. Anyway, this method works fine with most option 5 programs, but fails with my CRPG loader.... Probably because I'm placing my load program in low memory. I have it at the >3000 mark, so it should be preserving the part of low RAM it needs, but it still fails and just cycles endlessly. Can anyone describe exactly what the above routine is doing, and if there's anything I can do to make it work? I could see the XB utility only working in high memory, so I suppose in that case I'll just have to embed the assembly code using SYSTEX and execute it directly...
  14. This next section is a big one. Wouldn't it be great if you could test code as you programmed it? Well that's where Code-As-You-Go comes into play. The mode can be accessed with a dedicated button on a keyboard. It's labeled "CAYG." Take a look at this: That's the code as you go screen. On the panel at the right, you can enter the data you want to test. On the upper right of the screen is the address that the code will assemble to. In this example, the written code will compile at address $001404. You could instead have it display which line of the source code the code will go in. First, give the subroutine a name. In this example, we have a routine called "TetrisLFSR." This will be a Motorola 68000 version of the NES Tetris RNG routine. The NES version of Tetris iterates its RNG (a 16-bit LFSR) in the following manner: Set the output bit to the XOR of bits 1 and 9, and right-shift that input into the RNG. We will replicate this routine as we enter the code. For this test, enter the input in d0. We need to enter a 16-bit value. Using a mouse, click on the fourth-to-last digit of the d0 register, then type "7259." The digit highlighted in green is the cursor. Note that the register values are displayed in hexadecimal. If you enter an invalid hexadecimal digit, nothing happens. When you enter the last digit, the cursor stays there. (If it were an A-register, the cursor would be red.) Now, time for the first instruction. Type "move.b", tab, then "d0,d2", and hit Enter (if you hit Space, it will tab for you). When you press Enter, the last line of code you wrote is automatically executed in the CAYG window, and its machine language code appears in the window as well. In M68K assembly, the instruction "move.b d0,d2" is represented by $1400. The screen looks like this: Note that after you typed the code line, that instruction automatically executed. The last byte of d0 is $59, so the last byte of d2 is now also $59. The next two instructions are "move.w d0,d1" and "lsr.w #8,d1". These are necessary to retrieve the upper byte of a 16-bit value in d1. After the second line was typed, d1 became $7259. After the third line, it became $0072. In the machine code box is E049, which is the code for "lsr.w #8,d1." Remember, only the compiled code for the last line you typed appears in the machine code box. Next, we want to take the XOR of bits 1 and 9 of the bytes in d1 and d2. Since 1 and 9 differ by exactly 8, no shifting of either byte is needed. Just XOR the bytes by typing "eor.b d2,d1", then pressing Enter. Register d1 is now equal to $2B, which is the XOR of $72 and $59. It is bit 1 from this value we need to extract and get into the X (extend) flag. To do this, type "lsr.b #2,d1", and press Enter. The value in d1 became $0A. But more importantly, look at the X and C flags. They lit up, so their value is 1. Any flag that is clear appears as white-on-black, while a set flag is indicated by the opposite color scheme. Since the XOR of bits 1 and 9 of our 16-bit value was 1, a 1 will be right-shifted in to get the new RNG value. Here is the last piece of the puzzle. Now that we have our output bit in X (and C), we can use a "roxr" instruction to shift it in. Type "roxr.w #1,d0", and hit Enter. And there you have it. The new RNG value is $B92C. With the ability to see the code execute as you type it, coding will become as easy as pie. You could also toggle register updating off/on, and you could also move your cursor to any line in the code, and press a certain button to step through the code and see the results. After finishing the code, press the CAYG button again. All the code you wrote in the CAYG screen will be placed at the place in the source code you were at when you went to this screen. You can then edit it, delete it, or change it as normal. All in all, the code-as-you-go feature could be a breakthrough for future assemblers. No matter whether it's 6502, M68K, Z80, or anything else, it's the next innovation in coding.
  15. walker7

    Palettes

    From the album: The Best Assembly Computer

    A set of 7 different color palettes to use while programming.
  16. walker7

    Picture BG Menu

    From the album: The Best Assembly Computer

    This is the menu you would enter if you wanted to view a picture for a background while assembling.
  17. walker7

    Picture BG

    From the album: The Best Assembly Computer

    The same simulated assembler screenshot, but with a picture background.
  18. From the album: The Best Assembly Computer

    This is the same simulated assembler screenshot, except the background is changed to dark blue and the foreground changed to aquamarine.
  19. From the album: The Best Assembly Computer

    What a color changing screen for an assembler might look like.
  20. When assembling, there are several different screen enhancements that could use to make the experience more enjoyable. One way is to change the background and foreground colors. This is the shot from the previous installment: By pressing a certain key (or key combo) on the keyboard, it will bring up a screen saying what color you want to use. That screen might look something like this: As indicated on the screen, press 0-9 or A-F to choose the appropriate color. When you press one of these buttons, the color beside the "current" heading changes to the selected color. For example, if you press "3," while in the palette shown above, you will choose purple. You can also toggle between foreground/background color choice by pressing the "/" key. To change palettes, press up/down. There are seven different palettes, plus one palette you can customize. The chart below shows the seven fixed palettes: Each row is one palette, and each palette has a different theme. They are based on palettes from older gaming and computer systems. Palette 0 - Apple ][ Palette 1 - Commodore 64 Palette 2 - Mattel Aquarius Palette 3 - Commodore VIC-20 Palette 4 - MSX Palette 5 - CGA Palette 6 - ZX Spectrum Palette 7 can be defined using your own colors. Each color in every palette is stored as a 24-bit RGB value. I will get to palette 7 editing in another post. Using the Apple ][ palette, let's say you decide to change the background to dark blue and the foreground to aquamarine. This is the result: If you don't want to change the colors, hit the ESC key. This causes any changes to be cancelled, leaving the background/foreground colors as they are. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Another thing you could do is have some picture to look at while programming. To change the background to a picture, press a certain key combination. Pictures can be uploaded from flash drives. If you have a flash drive installed, it will list all the picture files on it. The screen would look like this: Press the appropriate button (0-9 or A-Z, depending on the number of pictures) to choose the picture. If there are too many picture files to fit on one page, press left or right to move to another page. For example, let's say you want to use the following image. It's the back of an old McCormick food coloring box from 1975. This picture was taken from Etsy: When pictures are loaded into memory, they are stored as 24-bit RGB values for simplicity of decoding. The picture is also scaled to a size of 480*360 so it can fit on the screen. The picture replaces the background color. Here's how the screenshot at the top of the page would look with this picture as the background: You can change the picture by going back to the picture menu. Plus, you can choose to go back to a solid color background by going to the background color change menu. The foreground color change menu works the same. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In addition to pictures, you could also use a video for the background. The video loops forever. Like with pictures, you could upload videos from a flash drive. They can be in any format, but each frame is converted to 24-bit RGB format before being displayed. Frames are buffered. You could also choose to play two or more videos in a continuous loop. After one video ends, the next one starts. After the last video, it wraps back to the first one and the cycle repeats forever. Next, I'll mention code-as-you-go, one of the most important aspects of this type of computer.
  21. walker7

    Screen

    From the album: The Best Assembly Computer

    This is a simulated screenshot of an assembler. It's inspired by the Apple ][. It shows a multiply routine in 68K (useful for the Sega Genesis).
  22. The interface for a good assembler is just like a text editor, with extra features added to make assembly easier. Take a look at this simulated screenshot, inspired by the Apple ][. This is a multiply routine for the Motorola 68000: There are several things that would make this more of an assembler than a word processor: Under the label "Multiply," there is a blue line stretching across the screen. You could toggle this on or off. Under this line can be shown information about the subroutine (e.g. input/output). Each line of code is indented automatically. The local labels have a period before them, and are not indented. There is a red "+" before the label. Clicking it changes it to a "-" and makes the code disappear. You could click the "-" to make the code reappear. Whether the code is folded or not, it's compiled when requested. When compiled, the branches with the ".s" extension will resolve to a ".b" (8-bit) or ".w" (16-bit) displacement, whichever is the shortest possible. If the extension is left off, assume it to be ".s". That way, you don't have to figure it out yourself. In this example, the screen is 480x360 pixels. Characters are 7 pixels across and 8 pixels down, just like on the Apple ][. In system RAM, this could be handled with one table telling which ASCII character to show (one byte per character), and another table to tell the background/foreground colors for each cell (in each byte, there are 4 bits for background color and 4 bits for background color). By default, the line under labels is enabled, tab width is 8 characters, lines after labels and code automatically indent, and code is not folded. When a mouse is used, the character that the mouse is pointing to is shown in a different color (for example, in the above screen, it would be shown as a white cell with a blue character). Characters would be stored as ASCII. The blue underline is toggled on/off with a control byte, and the tab width is also controlled using a certain byte. You could use any programming language you want, be it 6502, 68K, Z80, BASIC, etc. Regarding the keyboard, there could be additional keys based on what programming language you use. In addition to a regular ASCII keyboard, there could be attachments you could just snap on. For example, a 6502 keyboard attachment might have buttons labeled "LDA," "STA," "CLC," "SEC," "ADC," and "SBC." Next, I'll mention some enhancements you could make to the screen.
  23. I have used a lot of assemblers to program games. I have used Learn to Program BASIC, BasiEgaXorz, and EASy68K. I have also used Apple ][ Basic, C++, and others. There are many different assemblers out there, but what if there was a computer (or maybe an application) with a really sophisticated assembler that could be used for programming games, and other things? The goal is to make programming easier, faster, and more enjoyable. First, I'd like to mention all the essential things that any good assembler needs. Fast interface, as well as fast assembling. The ability to cleanly divide a ROM into sections. Code/data folding. The ability to test code as you write it. Storing colors, but showing them visually, rather than as numbers. Storing graphics for a game as data, and making it show like it would in the program. Compress graphics if necessary. If it's for a system that uses tiles for graphics, computing the mappings for them. Compress data in some way. Test code for length. Being able to make short/long branches automatically according to smallest possible file size. Making sure VBlank code starts and ends properly. For any routine, sort the local labels alphabetically or numerically. Add a number of labels to a ROM that follow a certain character pattern. Add/manage data structures. Lets you pick labels/variables from a list. Calculates a ROM checksum and/or adds code. Pads a ROM to a number of bytes that is a power of 2. I might add more of these. Over time, I will be adding blog posts regarding one or more of these elements. Keep in mind that any images posted in this blog are simulated. The Apple ][ is my inspiration for their look, since it was one of the first computers I grew up with.
  24. I am trying to read the keyboard in order to implement a pause routine in a patched version of Shamus. I read all I could find about SKSTAT and KBCODE but it doesn't really work as expected. I do not use system VBI routines. I tried to load SKSTAT during VBI, AND $04 and act on the results of that, i.e. interpreting anything not zero as a keypress. I then check for a specific KBCODE (Space) to enter the pause routine. After a little delay I check for SKSTAT and KBCODE again to end the pause when it is pressed again. That works as well but the game only stays "unpaused" when I keep the space bar pressed. then SKSTAT seems to remain "latched" as the game will end the pause but jump right back unless that key is held. My understanding is that SKSTAT bit 2 should revert to zero if no key is depressed. In reality it seems to remain set (always?) and as KBCODE does not change when a key is released the next VBI jumps right back into the pause routine. My code is below. Any ideas what I did wrong? (The "PAUSECTR" and countdown from 4 in the PAUSING routine were intended to make sure the key is really depressed for a little while. The behaviour of the routine doesn't change when I leave them out, so I assume I am doing something wrong with SKSTAT.) XITVBV equ $E462 NMIEN equ $D40E DLISTL equ $D402 DLISTH equ $D403 KBCODE equ $D209 SKSTAT equ $D20F SKCTL equ SKSTAT AUDF1 equ $D200 HITCLR equ $D01E CHECKKEYS LDA SKSTAT ;this is where VVBLKI points AND #$04 BEQ EXIT LDA KBCODE CMP #$21 BNE EXIT0 INC PAUSECTR LDA PAUSECTR CMP #$04 BNE EXIT2 PAUSE LDA #$00 STA NMIEN ;no more VBIs while pausing STA PAUSECTR LDA <PAUSEDLIST ;change to dedicated display list STA DLISTL LDA >PAUSEDLIST STA DLISTH LDA #$00 LDY #$03 KILLAUDIO STA AUDF1,Y DEY BPL KILLAUDIO PAUSING LDX #$04 KEYPRESSED LDA SKSTAT AND #$04 BNE PAUSING LDA KBCODE CMP #$21 BNE PAUSING DEX BEQ ENDPAUSE BNE KEYPRESSED ENDPAUSE LDA #$B8 STA DLISTL LDA #$35 STA DLISTH LDA #$C0 STA NMIEN STA HITCLR EXIT0 LDA #$00 EXIT STA PAUSECTR EXIT2 JMP XITVBV PAUSECTR .BY $00
  25. Hey, guess what?!? It's just about 80 days until Tandy Assembly!! Are you going? Are you going to exhibit? Are you going to speak/present? Oh, I hope so, I hope so, I hope so! Start making your preparations today! Tandy Assembly Even if you can't make it, you can also help by sponsoring the event! Tandy Assembly | Sponsors
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