As for some trivia in between, some time ago I learned that "case" still refers to the set of letters of the typesetter, when the typesetter had one case (the upper case) with the capitals sorted in, and another one below with the small letters. Although Gutenberg invented the printing press, we don't have a similar (known) term in German, just "big letter" and "small letter".
By the way, the lower case letters are from medieval times (8th century), and the capitals, of course, from the Romans.
I also learned that in Arabic, you have four "cases": starting, middle, ending, and isolated.