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Blogs

  • BinaryGoddess' Blog
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  • Being Of The Importance Of Shallow Musing.
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  • bankockor Blog
  • Kelp Entertainment
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  • The Word Of Ogma
  • GC's blog
  • nanobug's monument of geekiness
  • dogcorn's Blog
  • I Can't Think of a Catchy Title
  • please help and share story
  • ivop's Blog
  • what is the chicago basment
  • Cheat Blog
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  • My video game library
  • the.golden.ax's "Oh my Blog"
  • ValuGamer
  • wolfpackmommy's Blog
  • Z80GUY's Blog
  • jwierer's Blog
  • kroogur's Korner
  • Verbal Compost
  • Frizo's Collecting Adventure!
  • Old School Gamer Review
  • ...
  • Rybags' Blog
  • BDW's Blog
  • tweetmemory's Blog
  • toptenmaterial's Blog
  • grafix's Bit Mouse Playhouse
  • S1500's Blog
  • hackerb9's blog
  • EricBall's Tech Projects (PRIVATE)
  • MagitekAngel's Blog
  • I created this second blog on accident and now I can't figure out how to delete it.
  • keilbaca's Blog
  • TestBot4's Blog
  • Old School Gamer Review
  • The Mario Blog
  • GideonsDad's Blog
  • GideonsDad's Blog
  • GideonsDad's Blog
  • Horst's Blog
  • JIMPACK's Blog
  • Blogpocalypse
  • simonl's Blog
  • creeping insanity
  • Sonic R's Blog
  • CebusCapucinis' Blog
  • Syntax Terror Games
  • NCN's Blog
  • A Wandering Shadow's Travels
  • Arjak's Blog
  • 2600Lives' Blog
  • 2600Lives' Blog
  • Kiwi's Blog
  • Stephen's A8 Blog
  • Zero One
  • Troglodyte's Blog
  • Austin's Blog
  • Robert Hurst
  • This Is Reality Control
  • Animan's Blog Of Unusual Objectionalities
  • Devbinks' Blog
  • a1t3r3g0's Blog
  • The 7800 blog
  • 4Ks' Blog
  • carmel_andrews' Blog
  • iratanam's Blog
  • junkmail's RDE&P Blog
  • Lynxman's FlashCard Blog
  • JagMX's Blog
  • The Wreckening
  • roberto's Blog
  • Incagold's Blog
  • lost blog
  • kurtzzzz's Blog
  • Guitarman's Blog
  • Robert @ AtariAge
  • otaku's Blog
  • otaku's Blog
  • revolutionika's Blog
  • thund3r's Blog
  • edweird13's Blog
  • edweird13's Blog
  • That's what she said.
  • Hitachi's Blog
  • The (hopefully) weekly rant
  • Goochman's Marketplace Blog
  • Marc Oberhäuser's Blog
  • Masquane's AtariAge Blog
  • satan165's Dusty Video Game Museum
  • lazyhoboguy's Blog
  • Retail hell (The EB years)
  • Vectrexer's Blog
  • Game Maker to Game Dev
  • Retro Gaming Corporation
  • Hulsie's Blog
  • Tr3vor's Blog
  • Dryfter's Blog
  • Why Are You Even Reading This?
  • Xuel's Blog
  • GamingMagz
  • travelvietnam's Blog
  • pacmanplayer's Blog
  • TheLunarFox's Blog
  • caver's Blog
  • Atari 2600 for sale with 7 games 2 controllers
  • A Ramblin' Man
  • toiletunes' Blog
  • Justin Payne's Blog
  • ebot
  • Markvergeer's Blog
  • GEOMETRY WARS ATARI 2600
  • LEW2600's Blog
  • Pac-Man Vs Puck-Man's Blog
  • Bri's House
  • Les Frères Baudrand's Blog
  • Secure Your E-Commerce Business With ClickSSL.com
  • raskar42
  • The P3 Studio
  • Bydo's Blog
  • defender666's Blog
  • TheSSLstore - SSL certificates Validity
  • Chuplayer's Blog
  • pacman100000's Blog
  • POKEY experiments
  • JPjuice23's Blog
  • Gary Mc's Blog
  • arkade kid's Blog
  • MaXStaR's Blog
  • SUB HUNTER in A8
  • ScumSoft's Blog
  • The Social Gamer
  • Ping. Pong. Ping. Pong.
  • kgenthe's Blog
  • mapleleaves' Blog
  • Dallas' Blog
  • bfg.gamepassion's Blog
  • Esplonky's Blog
  • Fashion Jewellery's Blog
  • Gabriel's Blog
  • CJ's Ramblings
  • Dastari Creel's Blog
  • dobidy's Blog
  • dragging through the retro streets at dawn
  • Please Delete - Created by Accident
  • Nerdbloggers
  • Algus' Blog
  • Jadedrakerider
  • Appliciousblog.com
  • frederick's Blog
  • longleg's Blog
  • Brain droppings...
  • Sandra's blog
  • Bastelbutze
  • polo
  • VectorGamer's Blog
  • Maybe its a Terrible Tragedy
  • Guru Meditation
  • - - - - - -
  • The 12 Turn Program: Board Game Addiction and You
  • Tezz's projects blog
  • chonglily's Blog
  • masseo1's Blog
  • DCUltrapro's Blog
  • Disjaukifa's Blog
  • Vic George 2K3's Blog
  • Whoopdeedoo
  • ge.twik's Blog
  • DJT's High Score Blog [Test]
  • Disjaukifa's Assembly Blog
  • GonzoGamer's Blog
  • MartinP's Blog
  • marshaz's Blog
  • Pandora Jewelry's Blog
  • Blues76's Blog
  • Adam24's AtariAge Blog!
  • w1k's Blog
  • 8-bit-dreams' Blog
  • Computer Help
  • Chris++'s Blog
  • an atari story
  • JDRose
  • raz0red's Blog
  • The Forth Files
  • The Forth Files
  • A.L.L.'s Blog
  • Frankodragon's Blog Stuffs
  • Partyhaus
  • kankan313rd's Blog
  • n8littlefield's Blog
  • joshuawins99's Blog
  • ¡Viva Atari!
  • FujiSkunk's Blog
  • The hunt for the PAL Heavy Sixer
  • Liduario's Blog
  • kakpu's Blog
  • HSC Experience
  • people to fix atari Blog
  • Gronka's Blog
  • Joey Z's Atari Projects
  • cncfreak's Blog
  • Ariana585's Blog
  • 8BitBites.com
  • BrutallyHonestGamer's Blog
  • falcon_'s Blog
  • lushgirl_80's Blog
  • Lynx Links
  • bomberpunk's Blog
  • CorBlog
  • My Ideas/Rants
  • quetch's Blog
  • jamvans game hunting blog
  • CannibalCat's Blog
  • jakeLearns' Blog
  • DSC927's Blog
  • jetset's Blog
  • wibblebibble's Basic Blog
  • retrovideogamecollector's Blog
  • Sonny Rae's Blog
  • The Golden Age Arcade Historian
  • dianefox's Blog
  • DOMnation's Blog
  • segagamer99's Blog
  • RickR's Blog
  • craftsmanMIKE's Blog
  • gorf68's Blog
  • Gnuberubs Sojourn Dev Journal
  • B
  • iesposta's Blog
  • Cool 'n' Crispy: The Blog of Iceberg_Lettuce
  • ahuffman's Blog
  • Bergum's Thoughts Blog
  • marminer's Blog
  • BubsyFan101 n CO's Pile Of Game Picks
  • I like to rant.
  • Cleaning up my 2600
  • AnimaInCorpore's Blog
  • Space Centurion's Blog
  • Coleco Pacman Simulator (CPMS)
  • ianoid's Blog
  • HLO projects
  • Retro Junky Garage
  • Sega Genesis/Mega Drive High Score Club
  • Prixel Derp
  • HuckleCat's Blog
  • AtariVCS101's Blog
  • Tales from the Game Room's Blog
  • VVHQ
  • Antichambre's Blog
  • REMOVED BY LAW AUTHORITY
  • Synthpop Universe
  • Atari 5200 Joystick Controllers
  • Top 10 Atari 2600 Games
  • Is Atari Still Cool?
  • Buying Atari on Ebay
  • matosimi's Blog
  • GadgetUK's Blog
  • The StarrLab
  • Scooter83 aka Atari 8 Bit Game Hunters' Blog
  • Buddpaul's Blog
  • TheGameCollector's Blog
  • Gamming
  • Centurion's Blog
  • GunsRs7's Blog
  • DPYushira's Entertainment Blog
  • JHL's Blog
  • Intellivision Pierce's Blog
  • Manoau2002 Game and Vinyl Blog
  • Diamond in the Rough
  • Linky's Blog
  • flashno1's Blog
  • Atari 2600 Lab
  • jennyjames' Blog
  • scrottie's Blog
  • Draven1087's Blog
  • Omegamatrix's Blog
  • MegaData Manifesto
  • Selling Atari on Ebay.
  • Unfinished Bitness
  • TI-99/4A Stuff
  • eshu's blog
  • LaXDragon's Blog
  • GozAtari8
  • Bio's Blog of Randomness
  • Out of the Pack
  • Paul Lay's Blog
  • Make Atari 2600 games w/o programming!
  • Rudy's Blog
  • kenjennings' Blog
  • The Game Pit
  • PShunny's Blog
  • Ezeray's Blog
  • Atari 2600 game maps
  • Crazy Climber Metal
  • Keith Makes Games
  • A virtual waste of virtual space
  • TheHoboInYourRoom's Blog
  • Msp Cheats Tips And Techniques To Create You A Better Gamer
  • Tursi's Blog
  • F#READY's Blog
  • bow830
  • Gernots A500 game reviews
  • Byte's Blog
  • The Atari Strikes Back
  • no code, only games now
  • wongojack's Blog
  • Lost Dragon's Blog
  • Musings of the White Lion
  • The Usotsuki Crunch
  • Gunstar's Blogs
  • Lesles12's Blog
  • Atari Randomness
  • OLD CS1's Blog
  • waterMELONE's Blog
  • Flickertail's Blog
  • Dexter's Laboratory Blog
  • ATASCI's Blog
  • ATASCI's Blog
  • --- Ω ---'s Blog
  • mourifay's Blog
  • Zsuttle's gaming adventures
  • Doctor Clu's Space Shows
  • TWO PRINTERS ONE ADAM
  • Atari Jaguar Game Mascots
  • Learning fbForth 2.0
  • splendidnut's Blog
  • The Atari Jaguar Game by Game Podcast
  • Syzygy's Story Blog
  • Atarian Video Game Reviews
  • Caféman's Blog
  • IainGrimm's Blog
  • player1"NOT"ready's Blog
  • Alexandru George's Blog
  • BraggProductions' Blog
  • XDK.development present Microsoft Xbox One Development
  • Song I Wake Up To
  • Jeffrey.Shamblin's Blog
  • Important people who shaped the TI 99/4A World
  • My blog of stuff and things
  • David Vella's Blog
  • Osgeld's Blog
  • CyranoJ's ST Ports
  • InnovaX5's Blog
  • Star_Wars_Collector
  • Alp's Art Blog
  • Excali-blog
  • STGraves' Blog
  • Retro VGS Coleco Chameleon Timeline
  • Geoff Retro Gamer
  • Geoff1980's Blog
  • Coleco Mini
  • Coleco Mini
  • 7399MGM's Blog
  • 7399MGM's Blog
  • doubledragon77's Blog
  • Ballblogɀer
  • pitfallharry95's Blog
  • BawesomeBurf's Blog
  • Fultonbot's Atari Blog
  • Dmitry's Blog
  • Kaug Neatos Crash Bandicoot Bandwagon
  • lexmar482's Blog
  • vegathechosen's Blog
  • Atari 2600JS
  • Doctor Clu's Dissertations
  • schmitzi's Blog
  • BNE Jeff's Blog
  • AverageSoftware's Development Blog
  • FireBlaze's Blog
  • Atarimuseum.nl
  • Vorticon's Blog
  • TurkVanGogH GameZ's Blog
  • bow830's Blog
  • Arcade Attack - Retro Gaming Blog
  • MrRetroGamer's Blog
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  1. Early this year, I learned that MAME, which has recently been combined with MESS into one single emulator, also emulates some handhelds now... among those are some I have or had myself, Coleco's Donkey Kong tabletop game, MB's Bigtrak and Nintendo's Mickey & Donald (Game & Watch). I decided to take a deeper look at Mickey & Donald (after nearly competing the Bigtrak code, but that's off topic here) because I was always curious how such games have been programmed... I started on it in February 2016, about 33 years after I got the actual game. Obviously, this is a low-power device powered by two button cells and having an LCD screen. It's using a Sharp SM510 mictrocontroller with a fixed ROM. There is a nice write-up on that CPU here: http://watchdev.blogspot.co.at/2013/06/sharp-sm510-innards.html This chip has got a built-in LCD driver, and the display is memory-mapped, that is, all memory locations from $60 on are visible (at least if they've got segments connected to it). Since the disassembler in MAME didn't work quite correctly (don't know if it has been fixed by now), I wrote my own disassembler for the code in VB.net, which is actually not so hard considering the CPU doesn't have that many commands. There are some quirks like 1-byte subroutine calls which are routed through an address table in the first page, though this still only enables certain jump destinations because those addresses still only have 8 bits, but the address range of the CPU is 12 bits. Well, as I said I was curious how such a game is programmed. Actually it's quite different to what you're used to on video based systems. Normally you would have sprites, which are objects with an X and an Y coordinate, and they move and interact in some fashion. Well, for the most part, it doesn't work this way here. How it actually works is closer to a shift register, actually several of them. As you may know, a shift register is a stack of bits which get shifted left or right in sync to each other. In this game, there are several lines of bits which work like a shift register. But they're not hardwired, all of this is done in software. There is a subroutine for each possible bit which swaps that bit in a memory location with the carry flag. The actual bits in a line often don't have a real logical position in memory, rather they were seemingly positioned so the lines in the LCD screen are best used. For instance, for an object that has 3 possible positions, one position might be displayed when bit 2 of memory location $62 is on, the second one is on bit 1 of memory location $6D and the third one on bit 2 of memory location $6B. The line is now shifted by starting at the first position, fetching its status to the carry flag. Then you set the memory location for the next bit (by one instruction) and call the respective subroutine to swap the bit you want to access. Now you've got that bit in the carry bit and go on to the next location... and so on until the line is through. For instance, Mickey on the left has three possible positions, on bottom, in the middle or on top. If the player presses the "up" button, the Mickey line gets shifted upwards, on pressing "down" it gets shifted downwards, only that the last bit in the line gets re-set if it's found to be on after the shifting. The game code generally doesn't "know" the coordinates of any object visible on screen, it's all done by checking if a certain bit in memory is set. And there are more shift "lines"... two for the hose (one for small and one for big blobs), six for drops and fires and one for Donald on top. The fire shifting routine checks for each position if the corresponding drop bit is set, if so, both are cleared, a point is scored and the routine terminates. The routine shifting down the drops does the same. As for game variables, there are only a few controlling if there's one of the possible leaks, which game or demo mode is on, if the alarm is set, and as far as I can tell two counters for keeping the correct speed. But maybe there are some more which I missed because I didn't examine the complete code. Since the objects don't have coordinates in memory, all checks that depend on a certain location to be set or clear, such as collision detections, check the actual bit in memory... for instance, the routine that creates new drops checks all three possible locations of Donald to find out where he is and place a drop there. That way, they also go around the limitation of the CPU that indexed writes are very hard to do... with this game architecture, none are required, the closest thing to it is actually the routine that converts score digits to the 7 segments that are displayed for each number. This one uses an indirect jump instruction which loads the data byte to the PC. Keep in mind that the PC is not linear, but a pseudo-random shift register, which means that the numbers 0-9 get converted to addresses which are actually all over the place in that page. Oh, the total ROM in that chip is 2772 bytes (44 pages with 63 bytes each). I guess it's similar for other Game & Watch games, though much later models like Pinball and Super Mario Bros. might use a different chip, as may much earlier models like the Silver Series Ball, Vermin, Fire and Judge... there are more advanced models SM-511 and SM-512 supporting independent sound generation, more segments and more ROM up to 4K while the SM-510 has to generate sound writing 0's and 1's for each wave "by hand". On the other hand, there's a simpler chip with only 2016 bytes of ROM that may have been used on the first games. But still I suppose most Game & Watch games will have been programmed in a similar way, because you see some kinds of shifted strings of segments in all of them, with some of them going only one way and others going both ways.
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